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During his election campaign, Francois Hollande has not made any secret of the fact that he wanted to rebalance trade relations between Europe and China, responsible, according to him, the crisis Europé ; enemies. "I arrived at a time when I think we should name the opponent. I had done for finance. It will do so for the Chinese. The problem, it is Chinese. They cheat on everything: on the currency, in research, "he said bluntly to reporter Eric Dupin in his book published on May 10 entitled" Poison Victory "( Seuil).

The new head of state he is right to designate China as responsible for the debt crisis in Europe? How can he act to balance the trade and balance monetary with Beijing? Here is the opinion of two experts in the field, Danielle Schweisguth, an economist at the French Observatory of Economic Conditions (OFCE), and Antoine Brunet, president of the company analysis AB Markets and co-author of "The hegemonic China, economic imperialism" (ed. L'Harmattan, 2011).

FRANCE 24: How can China be regarded as responsible for the crisis in Europe?

Danielle Schweisguth: At the beginning of the Greek crisis, the Chinese have proposed to invest, via their sovereign wealth fund, debt securities in Europe. They finally turned around to face the magnitude of the crisis and have very little invested. Their statements on the markets, explaining why they were concerned and would not help specific countries such as Greece and Spain, have actually worsened the crisis. But it is legitimate for a developing country is reluctant to help industrialized countries.

Antoine Brunet: I'm up to this responsibility further: China is behind the last two waves of crisis in the West, that of 2008-2009 and the one that concerns us right now in Europe.

Between 2002 and 2007, the trade deficit the United States, mainly dug by China, reached 6% of GDP, which is very depressed for the activity. To keep their economies growing, Americans artificially stimulated their economies by the real estate sphere, generating a bubble that has resulted in the 2008 financial crisis.

For the current crisis of debt, it's the same dynamic. For too long the countries of Southeast Europe have tried to offset the depressive impact of their own trade deficit - had Here again, China - by repeated government deficits. However, the debt of these countries now approaching or exceeds the threshold of 100% of GDP *, making growth inaccessible.

Now China plans to replenish the Fund support the European Financial Stability (EFSF). Francois Hollande is he right to move in?

D. S. : China follows a logic: she did not want to bail out troubled states, including Greece, because it lacked the necessary guarantees. Such guarantees, it was obtained, however, investing in a European fund as the EFSF. In return, Beijing will certainly ask that the Europeans stop putting pressure on exchange rate policy.

This problem of monetary policy is not new. The Chinese currency is undervalued and its course is not rebalanced by the natural balance of payments. But China is in line with the relaxation in this area. Already, the fluctuation band was revalued daily at 1%, against 0.5% previously. This will be done gradually: China does not want to risk losing market share too quickly.

A. B. : I think China has strategic intentions vis-à-vis Europe, which it intends to exit the vassals and American fold.

China is both arsonist and fireman. It has catalyzed the fire to destroy confidence in the euro area by distilling soundbites that have amplified fears about the solvency of Greece. Then, it offers its services to Europe, saying: "We are the only ones who can bring you the financing you are seeking."

Also this game of hypocrisy, there is worse: by offering to buy European bonds, China poses two requirements. On the one hand, States resolve its budget deficit and maintain a policy of austerity and social damage, which will put those countries in greatest difficulty and still feed their de ; independence in relation to it. Moreover, Beijing requires that the euro remains stable against the dollar and the yuan. But the euro is currently the most expensive currency in the world (it is 84% ​​overvalued against the yuan).

What can concretely Francois Hollande?

D. S. : You can not get angry with the Chinese, because the trade retaliation would be immediate. If you make a policy statement on human rights in China, a French company loses market. Political and industry are intertwined. However, the Chinese domestic market is essential.

On the other hand, the trade surplus is being reduced by itself due to the global crisis. China exports less, they even recorded trade deficits in February. Finally, it is vain to say that the undervaluation of the yuan is unfair: the Chinese argue that this is a matter of domestic policy. It is a dialogue of the deaf.

A. B. : France will meet with the reluctance of Germany: not so much by the political power in Berlin that German multinationals, who started playing the game back from China. Groups such as BMW and Volkswagen can continue to increase their market share in China, provided to ensure that Chancellor Angela Merkel refuses devaluation, yet indispensable to the euro … ……

Germany is torn between its industrial strategy vis-à-vis China and the survival of Europe, to which she has interest. It will put in front of Berlin's responsibilities: successes in Asia have a worthy counterpart unsustainable for other European countries. I wish every success Francois Hollande to broach the subject with Angela Merkel!

* Ratio of debt to GDP (Eurostat, 2011): Greece (142.8%), Italy (119.0%), Belgium (96.8%), Ireland (96.2%), Portugal (93.0%), Germany (83.2%), France (81.7%), Hungary (80.2%), the United Kingdom (80 %), Austria (72.3%), Malta (68%), the Netherlands (62.7%), Cyprus (60.8%) and Spain (60.1%).

AFP - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expressed concern Tuesday to see the Western economies to lag behind the rest of the world, particularly Europe, which still threatens according him to relapse growth of the planet.

In its biannual report on the global economy, the IMF raised its growth forecast for 2012 to 3.5% against 3.3% in January. This is still less than in 2011 (3.9%).

The Fund is a bit more optimistic in January for the U.S. (2.1% growth this year), the euro area (-0.3%), including Germany (0.6 %) and France (0.5%) and Japan (2.0%).

In 2012, "the recovery will remain weak in the major advanced economies," he noted. It would be only 1.4%, against 5.7% in emerging economies and developing countries like China (8.2%), India (6.9%) or Bre ; sil (3.0%).

The early yeara been very encouraging, the effects of the debt crisis in Europe is being felt most painfully at that time on economic activity, to both on the continent and elsewhere. But according to the IMF, "the real GDP growth expected to rise gradually during 2012 and 2013 from the low reached in the first quarter of 2012."

This forecast assumes a continuous improvement problems in the euro area and oil prices relatively stable at around 110 dollars a barrel.

Indeed, "the two most immediate risks are a further aggravation of the crisis in the euro area and increased geopolitical uncertainty, which could cause a sudden increase in oil prices," warned the IMF.

In the worst case, one could cost 2 points to global growth, another 1.25 points. 

In the most likely case, "we expect that growth will remain weak, particularly in Europe, and that unemployment will remain high for some time," said economist IMF chief Olivier Blanchard.

In Europe, the problem is mainly pressure on banks. According to calculations of the Fund, those of the euro area will reduce their balance sheets "2,600 billion in the next two years", and hence unable to pay enough to fuel strong growth.

In the U.S., the lack of action against the budget deficit and the housing market malaise weighed, so that "the last U.S. recovery is much like a recovery Europé average enemies. "

For the IMF, it is high time that Western countries must take measures to address their weaknesses. 

"Various fundamental issues remain unresolved": the rise of public debt (which should reach 130% of GDP of all the G7 in 2017), the fragility of the European financial system , the erosion of competitiveness of euro area countries in most difficulty, the slow growth in household income or structural rigidities.

Priorities are, according to the institution of Washington, "move towards more sustainable public finances", "strengthen financial sectors" of member states, "maintain an accommodative monetary policy" and "treat the crisis in the euro area ".

"The quest must turn to reforms that help long term but does not depress demand in the short term," Mr. Blanchard wrote.

REUTERS - The Afghan government has designated Saturday as head of the High Council for Peace the son of former president Burhanuddin Rabbani, who was assassinated last September when he led this body the process of reconciliation with the Taliban.

Salahuddin Rabbani currently serves as ambassador to Turkey.

His father died in a suicide bombing on September 20 in Kabul. His murder has dealt a severe blow to efforts to try to reintegrate insurgents in Afghan politics.

He also damaged relations between Kabul and Islamabad, Afghan officials have accused Pakistani intelligence services (the powerful Inter Services Intelligence (ISI secret service of Pakistan Army) have played a role in his death

. The investigation revealed that the bomber was a Pakistani and as a confession man involved in the attack, that the assassination had been prepared in Pakistan, Islamabad has denied

. Designation of Salahuddin Rabbani concludes seven months of a vacancy at the head of the High Council for Peace, which sit 70 members. It falls within a period of renewed operations by the insurgency after months of calm imposed by the hardships of the Afghan winter.

In a statement released by the Afghan presidency, the new president of the High Council for Peace notes that "the presence of foreign troops has prolonged the conflict and insecurity ; '. A phrase that should appeal to the Taliban.

"We will make progress in the peace process when the power is in Afghan hands. Without it, we can not move the process or gain the confidence of the nation, "he says.

But his work cut out: the Taliban refuse to negotiate with the government of Hamid Karzai, they consider a "lackey" of Washington.

AFP - France and the United States are tied around a victory in their quarter-final Davis Cup after the first two singles dominated by leaders Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and John Isner, Friday in Monte Carlo.

More than ever looks twice crucial Saturday between the pair Michael Llodra and Julien Benneteau, brothers Bob and Mike Bryan.

The twins, the world's No.1 specialty, are formidable. But will the French interest to hope to win a third consecutive semi-final, probably against Spain leading 2-0 against Austria.

Because the prospect of being back to the wall before the impact of Sunday N.1 frankly did not reassuring after the demonstration by John Isner against Gilles Simon (6-3, 6-2, 7 - 5), while Jo-Wilfried Tsonga has only preserved the bulk (7-5, 6-2, 2-6, 6-2) before the young Ryan Harrison.

Already winner of Roger Federer on clay in the first round, Isner has confirmed that he had become a scarecrow-road and a real locomotive for his team, Private Andy Roddick, back, and Mardy Fish, package. 

"When I woke up this morning I felt that it would be a great day for me and CAA were the case," said the giant 2.06 m which, despite a less efficient service than usual (9 aces and eight double-faults), has been named one exceeded Simon for his first big Davis Cup match in France.

Arrived late on Tuesday after the package Gael Monfils, Simon has long appeared inhibited and no tactical solution to deal with lightning strikes his opponent who tried to shorten the points maximum.

Only in the third set, more aggressive, he got out of his shell to provide more openings with a 5-3 ball and even a set point at 5-4 on the service 'Isner, ruled a forehand supersonic. 

"Davis Cup is difficult"

But the next game is the American who has managed the estate of an amazing reflex net to end a wonderful item.

Finally, the French never managed to take the service Isner when he lost his four times for a loss that can provide comfort her doubts.

In seven simple issue in Davis Cup, the French N.2 not won one in 2011 against the Austrian veteran Stefan Koubek. The balance becomes heavy.

"Davis Cup is difficult," he responded. "Every time we play opponents who also hold the road. I have nothing to be ashamed either. Now the game is not over yet and if I ever have to go back on the court at 2-2 I hope it's another story. "

With Tsonga, it's a little contrast. Even without playing well, he won his eighth single issue in nine games in Davis Cup.

Borrowed for his first on clay this year, the French No.1 has committed many unforced errors (53) but was able to tighten the screw when necessary, including forays to the net fine (33 points out of 44).

"The most important was to bring this point. I could have become crazy on some points. But I continued to stay in it, "he responded.

Satisfied with having held his rank against a player ranked sixty seats behind him, the world knew, however N.6 well as Harrison, nervous to the point of smashing two rackets in a game, was a opponent much more forgiving than the risk of being Isner Sunday.

"I hope to play better than that in the next game," said the French No.1. This could even be indispensable.

Since Jan. 19, and until May 10, the Jean-Jaurès, chaired by former socialist Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy, feeds the Twitter account @ LaVictoireEnMai to revive time re el the presidential campaign of 1981, won by François Mitterrand. Based on the events and statements at the time, the initiative reveals several similarities with the current election campaign, including the two favorites are the outgoing president Nicolas Sarkozy and his Socialist rival Francois Hollande. Thierry Merel, head of the History of the Fondation Jean-Jaurès, FRANCE 24 deciphers the many similarities between the contexts and socio-political issues of both campaigns.

FRANCE 24 - The "tweets" @ LaVictoireEnMai to show that the presidential campaigns of 1981 and 2012 have some similarities. Historically, can we bring the two polls and what are the most striking similarities? Thierry Merel - On a point of view economic and social context of the two campaigns has indeed notable similarities: rising unemployment, high inflation, rising prices of property, increase in oil prices, industrial production and a decline in household consumption at half mast. Therefore, the themes of the campaign will, among other things, "the crisis", "employment" and "unemployment", which are still the main concerns of French. From a political standpoint, the 1981 campaign will also be marked by an incumbent president, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (VGE), who sees this as his nomination paper , and whose record is particularly difficult to defend: stigma of a monarchical drift, poor management of the economic crisis, foreign policy confused. In February of this year, 51% of the population declared themselves dissatisfied with his policy. Added to this the "business" in which a tenant of the Elysee, or family is cited (De Broglie, Bokassa's diamonds …) and who figure prominently in the press before the first round of presidential elections. F24 - This similarity also listed in slogans or speeches of the time? T. M - Some words and some speeches in 1981 echo the current campaign: Valery Giscard d'Estaing predicted the "disorder" if victorious socialist, while Mitterrand VGE delighted to name the "incumbent" formula rediscovered during the current campaign. In addition, statements contained in the "tweets" from "LaVictoireEnMai" also reflect the virulence verbal with which political debate takes place. Like today, all candidates will instead address the outgoing president but not save them. Indeed, the tensions within the right meet stringent reporting between socialists and communists. Finally, the harsh criticism against the media by the Communist candidate Georges Marchais reminiscent d & rsquo and a Jean-Luc Melenchon today. F24 - According to most polls published since the beginning of the campaign, the Socialist candidate seems able to win the presidential election on May 6, and beat the tenant of Elyse e as in 1981. François Mitterrand enjoyed it at the time of favorable polls? T. M. - In 1981, feeling that the election is a foregone conclusion did not exist. The campaigns of 1981 and 2012 have in common a strong call to action in each camp. But a more political perspective, there are large differences: the summer of 1980, the balance of power is far from portend victory of François Mitterrand May 10, 1981. CCV is credited by Ifop 36% of the vote against 18% for François Mitterrand in the first round. Until March, the incumbent is the winner announced the polls, and it was not until March that the first survey gives 51% to François Mitterrand in the second round. For several months, many pollsters give a result around 53% for Francois Hollande. The decline of history to suggest that the subsequent elections confirmed that the winner of the March polls is the winner of May. 10 May 1981, the French chose change.

AFP - Cuban President Raul Castro received Saturday night his Venezuelan counterpart Hugo Chavez, who traveled to Cuba for a new series of radiation treatments to treat cancer which he was reoperated a month ago on the island.

The two statesmen had "a brief but animated conversation" at the foot of the plane that had just brought Mr. Chavez said Sunday daily Juventud Rebelde.

Back Wednesday night in Caracas after a first series of radiation treatments, Mr. Chavez, 57, had said it was "likely" to return to the island to "four days" from Saturday.

The leader of the radical left in Latin America had arrived in Cuba on March 24 to undergo the first of five series of radiation treatments.

Venezuelan authorities have never specified the nature of cancer and Hugo Chavez denied that it is transmitted to other organs.

He had surgery on February 26 in Havana of a second cancerous tumor in the same area as that which had been withdrawn in June 2011, already in Cuba.

In power since 1999, Mr. Chavez is seeking a new six-year term at the next presidential election on October 7, where he will face opposition candidate, Henrique Capriles Radonski, governor of Miranda State rich.

In response to speculation circulating about his health, Chavez has ruled out any possibility of a replacement candidate. It remains for time favorite in the polls for the election.

Zeus has lost some of its prestige in the Olympus of malware. Microsoft announced on Sunday, March 25, having put his hand in collaboration with the U.S. financial intelligence on a gold mine of personal data gleaned by cybercriminals through this very People virus.

Lawyers from the computer giant, along with US Marshall (the U.S. federal police which depends on the Justice Department) have been seized and closed Friday 23 March 2 computer servers on which data were stored - mainly bank - collected on millions of computers. They had been transformed into computer-robots or "bots" to thank you for cybercriminals, after being infected by Zeus or one of its derivatives between 2010 and 2012.

"It's quite a blow to the underground economy where the family of Zeus virus is commonly used to implement 'botnets [networks of computers, robots or zombies, Ed], "said FRANCE 24 Tropina Tatiana, Russian specialist in computer security. In total, Microsoft estimates that about 13 million computers in 190 countries are infected with Zeus or one of its derivatives. The software giant did not specify how many "bots" were connected to servers seized Friday, but he assured that the operation had helped neutralize " computer networks-robots currently among the most profitable "for cybercriminals.

Turnkey Solution

Since its debut in 2007, Zeus is, in fact, considered the king of viruses to divert money to the detriment of users. It would, again according to Microsoft, allowed cybercriminals to steal $ 100 million United States alone. This malware is one of the first to be designed specifically to pick up on infected computers data such as account identifiers or passwords on sites of e-commerce. Zeus also records the keystrokes made on the keyboard when a user logs in, among others, to his bank account online.

"It had its heyday in 2009-2010," recalls Tatiana Tropina. In June 2009, Zeus had compromised at least 74,000 personal accounts on sites such as Bank of America, Amazon, eBay and even NASA. In October 2010, the FBI has broken up an international network of cyber criminals who use Zeus to steal nearly $ 70 million to PMI, municipalities and even American churches.

Despite this setback, Zeus continued to be one of the most popular tools in the world of cybercrime. "This is a turnkey solution highly customizable and cheap," said Tatiana Tropina. The basic version of the software costs about 700 dollars on specialized forums. The price can climb to 15,000 dollars, says Microsoft, according to the desired functionality and the size of the botnet that the criminal wants to establish. "We can only ask for access to email account users of infected computers or so to look over all forms of financial information," said Tatiana Tropina.

This high degree of customization is the main reason for the success of Zeus and its many derivatives created over the years to escape surveillance companies se ; curity computer.

But the operation that culminated Friday may prove far more effective in the fight against networks of cyber criminals who get rich by Zeus. By closing the servers on which were stored sensitive data, Microsoft and US Marshall deprive the networks of their main selling point: the access to personal data. These hackers are having to spend time and money to rebuild their networks of computers, robots.

The former Ivorian Prime Minister Guillaume Soro was elected Monday to Yamoussoukro (center), and not surprisingly unanimous, new president of the National Assembly, a First re ten years in Ivory Coast, said a journalist from AFP.

Guillaume Soro, who was elected in the constituency of Ferkessedougou (north), was the only candidate. A cabinet reshuffle is expected in the coming days, after the resignation Thursday of Mr. Soro and his government came three months after the legislative elections in late 2011.

The camp of the former Head of State Laurent Gbagbo boycotted the elections won by the majority party president Alassane Ouattara.

A statement from the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) declaring the final results, the Rally of Republicans (RDR) of M. Ouattara won 138 of 253 seats, or 54.54%.

The total number of seats was 253 instead of 255 planned because of violence in two districts.

The Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI) of his ally, former President Henri Konan Bedie, won 86 seats (34%).

Independent candidates in third place by holding 17 seats (6.72%).

The organization of late February after the first partial legislative elections on 11 December 2011, aims to establish a new National Assembly in Côte d'Ivoire, for end the election crisis of 2010-2011, which killed about 3,000 people. 

The new president of the National Assembly is the second character of the constitutional state and dolphin.

AFP - Students of Cambridge invited counsel Nafissatou Diallo, the maid who accused Dominique Strauss-Kahn of sexual assault, to join in a demonstration Friday on the sidelines of a conference ence given by the former IMF chief at the prestigious university. DSK must present his views on "the state of the global economy" to invitation of the Cambridge Union Society + + ", the student association of the prestigious university. But this invitation has been strongly criticized by the women's section of the union Cusu (Cambridge university student's Union ), which launched a petition and decided to organize a meeting-cons and a demonstration. At the debate, Douglas H. Wigdor, lawyer Nafissatou Diallo, "will discuss his case and how the judiciary systematically disadvantage women and immigrants", Cusu announced in a statement. "I am grateful to the women's section Cusu for asking me to speak to the Cambridge students and I look forward to sharing my views on the sexual assault of Ms. Diallo by Strauss-Kahn, its impact on other sexual assault victims and the latest developments in this case, " For its part, said the lawyer, said in the statement. According to the union, launched the petition against the coming of DSK collected for moment "more than 700 signatures." "To provide a forum for DSK talk about the economy, ignoring the ongoing investigations (. ..) is to put aside these issues and help feed the culture of silence and shame surrounding rape, "said the union. "Great figure of the IMF," DSK "has exceptional knowledge in his field. That's why we invited him, "said the Cambridge Union Society. "Express Yourself to the association does not imply any endorsement or any support." The criminal charges against DSK, charged with sexual assault by Nafissatou Diallo, maid at the Sofitel New York, were dropped. But the former IMF chief, forced to resign because of this case has been caught by another file, called "the Carlton" in France. It must be convened on March 28 by the French courts to be charged, including complicity in pimping, a judicial source said. It would have taken part in the survey libertine parties and tries to determine that he knew that women who attended were prostitutes.

A week after the death of Mohamed Merah during Operation Raid, in Toulouse, March 22, the investigation is ongoing. On Wednesday, the police located in a village in the Aude in a Clio which would find a helmet and fairing parts of a scooter similar to that used by Mohamed Merah to commit his murders. However, other questions remain unanswered about the journey of the young French of Algerian origin. Review details.

The idea of ​​a third man involved in the killings is plausible?

Investigators do not exclude the possibility that Mohamed Merah has received other support than his only brother, Abdelkader. According to the daily Le Parisien, and a third man is the subject of "extensive research" and police "sifts" the environment and relationships of Mohamed Merah, some of which "are protected" ;. The big brother of the killer scooter, jailed since Sunday for "complicity in murder" - among others - told the police that the day of the flight of the famous two-wheeled, March 6, in Toulouse, both were accompanied by another individual. "He would not specify the name of this man, tells a judicial source. And he did not allow for additional elements to locate or identify. "

This hypothesis might help to know who sent the Paris office of the news channel Al-Jazeera Qatari USB key which is stored on a video montage of killings and Montauban Toulouse. Cancelled Wednesday, March 21 at the sorting center of Castelnau d'Estrétefonds, 20 km from Toulouse, the package was probably posted on Tuesday, 20. But that day, Merah was identified and monitored by the police. The 23 year old man has also been seen on the phone with a cabin at the foot of his home Tuesday night, FRANCE 24, to claim his actions. Failure to monitor a few hours is not excluded, but Merah has apparently not moved from his home that evening. In addition, a second USB key containing the same set vidéoa was found in the pants Mohamed Merah after he was killed, March 22, during the assault of the Raid.

Mohamed Merah was it an indicator of the French intelligence services?

It is a theory suggested by the former head of the Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (DST), Yves Bonnet. "What challenges still is that it was known to the DCRI [Central Directorate of Internal Intelligence, Ed], not specifically because he was Muslim, but because he was a correspondent in domestic intelligence, "it said in the columns of the regional daily La Depeche du Midi. For his part, counsel for Mohamed Merah Etelin Me Christian, believes in an interview with the AP, that "this theory is not discarded." According to counsel, "there is much to reflect on the fact that he could speak with the DCRI somewhat disturbing reports". I Etelin also highlights another troubling point: "What I am told is that the Israeli secret services are furious against the French secret service because we asked them to let Merah" ; their territory, he says.

Mohamed Merah can be acted on behalf of Al Qaeda?

During the operation of the Raid, which began March 21, Mohamed Merah told police she accepted a mission from Al Qaeda, but French officials say not believing in the existence of a structured network behind him. A track that also refutes Etelin Me Christian. "There was never a member of Al Qaeda, it is fantasy, he says the AP. What makes me say this is the knowledge I have of him and one that I [as] have testimonials from his friends. "

For me Etelin, his client was "a loner" who acted "within the contradictions in which it is enclosed, psychological difficulties he had to manage" . "There is no infrastructure, the organization behind which the soldier would be," says it well. "He wants to join the army, he can not do it, maybe he accepts a role to play and at the same time, he finds himself at odds with his community It does not handle this situation and it explodes. It happened something in him that it was personal. "

He continued: "It was a flaw in him, a child suffering abandoned [his parents divorced in 1993 when he was only 5 years, and his father returned to live in Al ; Series in 2008 while he was in custody after a conviction for robbery, Ed]. This neglect, he lived again after his separation from his wife, "said Mr. Etelin, indicating that the religious marriage of Mohamed Merah took place in December 2011 and had ended in separation ten to fifteen days before the second killing of Toulouse.